Royal Mechanical Engineering

  Electronic control common rail type fuel injection system drives an integrated fuel pump at an ultrahigh pressure to distribute fuel to each injector per cylinder through a common rail.   This enables optimum combustion to generate big horsepower, and reduce PM* (diesel plume) and fuel consumption. Bosch will supply the complete common-rail injection system for the high-performance 12-cylinder engine introduced by Peugeot Sport for its latest racing car. The system comprises high-pressure pumps, a fuel rail shared by all cylinders (i.e. a common rail), piezo in-line injectors, and the central control unit which compiles and processes all relevant sensor data.

DISI includes a whole new set of innovations for gasoline engines. To mention a few, direct injection (including cooling the air-gasoline mixture), a new combustion chamber geometry, variable timing technology, and nanotechnology for the catalyst. This all makes the engines consume 20 percent less while getting 15 to 20 percent better performance. Further developments for its diesels: new direct injection technology (most European automakers are switching to piezoelectric injectors), making the engine lighter, DPF, and urea technology to reduce NOx emissions Mazda’s DISI* engines balance sporty driving with outstanding environment performance. With the next generation engine in the series, we are aiming for a 15% ~ 20% improvement in dynamic performance and a 20% increase in fuel economy (compared with a Mazda 2.0L gasoline engine). Based on the direct injection system, we aim to reduce all energy losses (see figure on the right) and improve thermal efficiency through inn

Variable geometry turbocharger s ( VGT s) are a family of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio (sometimes called A/R Ratio) of the turbo to be altered as conditions change. This is done because optimum aspect ratio at low engine speeds is very different from that at high engine speeds. If the aspect ratio is too large, the turbo will fail to create boost at low speeds; if the aspect ratio is too small, the turbo will choke the engine at high speeds, leading to high exhaust manifold pressures, high pumping losses, and ultimately lower power output. By altering the geometry of the turbine housing as the engine accelerates, the turbo’s aspect ratio can be maintained at its optimum. Because of this, VGTs have a minimal amount of lag, have a low boost threshold, and are very efficient at higher engine speeds. VGTs do not require a waste gate. Most common designs The two most common implementations include a ring of aero

  A turbocharger is actually a type of supercharger. Originally, the turbocharger was called a "turbo super charger." Obviously, the name was shortened out of convenience. A turbocharger’s purpose is to compress the oxygen entering a car’s engine, increasing the amount of oxygen that enters and thereby increasing the power output. Unlike the belt-driven supercharger that is normally thought of when one hears the word "supercharger," the turbocharger is powered by the car’s own exhaust gases. In other words, a turbocharger takes a by-product of the engine that would otherwise be useless, and uses it to increase the car’s horsepower. Cars without a turbocharger or supercharger are called normally aspirated . Normally aspirated cars draw air into the engine through an air filter; the air then passes through a meter, which monitors and regulates the amount of air that enters the system. The air is then delivered to the engine’s comb

Engines combust (burn) fuel and use the energy of that combustion to do work. The more fuel that is combusted in any given time then the more energy is available to carry out the engines task. Fuel requires air (or the oxygen contained within air) to burn so if there isn’t enough air mixed with the fuel it will not burn. This also means that the amount of air entering an engine determines how much fuel can be burnt and consequently how much energy (or power) an engine can produce. Superchargers are essentially an air pump designed to cram extra air into an engine allowing it to combust more fuel than would otherwise be possible. Mercedes pioneered automotive superchargers on their race cars during the 1920’s. These were simple reciprocating compressors attached to the engine by an electrically operated clutch. A switch activated by the accelerator pedal turned the pump on when extra power (full throttle) was required. A flurry of engineering endeavo

Fuel Cell Stacks This is the heart of the hydrogen fuel cell car—the fuel cell stacks. Their maximum output is 86 kilowatts, or about 107 HP. Because hydrogen fuel cell stacks produce power without combustion, they can be up to twice as efficient as internal combustion engines. They also produce zero carbon dioxide and other pollutants. For more information on the stacks. Fuel Cell Cooling System This has several parts. Perched at an angle at the front of the vehicle is a large radiator for the fuel cell system, while two radiators for the motor and transmission lie ahead of the front wheels below the headlights. The car also has a cooling pump located near the fuel cell stacks to stabilize temperature within the stacks. Ultra capacitor This unit serves as a supplementary power source to the fuel cell stack. Like a large battery, the ultra capacitor recovers and stores energy generated during deceleration and braking. It uses this energy to pro

The introduction of Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS) is one of the most significant technical introductions for the Formula One Race. Formula One have always lived with an environmentally unfriendly image and have lost its relevance to road vehicle technology. This eventually led to the introduction of KERS. KERS is an energy saving device fitted to the engines to convert some of the waste energy produced during braking into more useful form of energy. The system stores the energy produced under braking in a reservoir and then releases the stored energy under acceleration. The key purpose of the introduction was to significantly improve lap time and help overtaking. KERS is not introduced to improve fuel efficiency or reduce weight of the engine. It is mainly introduced to improve racing performance. KERS is the brainchild of FIA president Max Mosley. It is a concrete initiative taken by F1 to display eco-friendliness and road relevance of the modern F1 cars. It is

Chassis is a French term and was initially used to denote the frame parts or Basic Structure of the vehicle. It is the back bone of the vehicle. A vehicle with out body is called Chassis . The components of the vehicle like Power plant, Transmission System, Axles, Wheels and Tyres, Suspension, Controlling Systems like Braking, Steering etc., and also electrical system parts are mounted on the Chassis frame. It is the main mounting for all the components including the body. So it is also called as Carrying Unit . The following main components of the Chassis are: Frame: it is made up of long two members called side members riveted together with the help of number of cross members. Engine or Power plant: It provides the source of power Clutch: It connects and disconnects the power from the engine fly wheel to the transmission system. Gear Box U Joint Propeller Shaft Differential FUNCTIONS OF THE CHASSIS FRAME: 1. To carry load of the passengers or goods carried in the b

Touch screen technology in fast few years has grown drastically in various applications, in order to overcome the difficulties faced by the touch screen; a new frontier technology has to take its part to revitalize the use of touch screen. In this counterpart gorilla glass has thrown a flash light focus on touch screen technology. Gorilla Glass has taken an apt plays in touchscreen technology. This scratch repellent glass is used to form touchscreen panel for portable gadgets like ATM machines, android mobile phones, tablets, personal computers and MP3 Players. It’s designed to protect display screens from scratches, sticky oils, fractures, etc,. Characteristics of Gorilla Glass: Scratch resistance Slimness / Thinner Stronger Improved Touch Sensitivity Comparatively perfect fit for today’s abundance touch-screen handsets.   Difference between ‘Scratch- Proof ‘ and ‘Scratch Resistant’ glass: A Scratch- screen proof is impermeable resistant to scratches. This kind of technolog

1. A hollow shaft of same cross-section area as solid shaft transmits A. Same torque B. Less torque C. More torque D. Unpredictable Answer: B. Less torque 2. In a cantilever beam, maximum deflection occurs at where A. Bending moment is zero B. Bending moment is maximum C. Shear force is zero D. Slope is zero Answer: A. Bending moment is zero 3. In a rectangular beam, when width, depth and length are doubled, the bending stress will be A. Shall remain unchanged B. Shall be doubled C. Shall become ¼ th D. Shall be halved Answer: C. Shall become ¼ th 4. In an I –section beam, the bending moment is resisted mainly by A. Flanges only B. Web only C. Both by flanges and web D. None of the above Answer: B. Web only 5. In internal combustion (I.C.) engines, combustion of fuel takes place in A. Outside the cylinder B. Inside the cylinder C. Not in the cylinder D. None of the above Answer: B. Inside the cylinder 6. Power available at the shaft of an I.C engine is known is A. Brake horse power B.

Throttling is a process in which the flow of fluid is restricted by closing the valve partially. Now imagine their are students in a class room and as the bell rungs they started moving out. Now if the door is opened partially then their will be clusters form by the students. Similarly in flow of fluid their is restriction to flow. now as students form clusters they pushing other students and in the same way fluid particles start rubbing with other molecules and as a result friction is their and as we all know friction is one of the biggest reason for any process to make it irreversible. Hence it is clear that Throttling is irreversible. EXAMPLES OF THROTTLING PROCESS 1. Flow through a partially opened valve as in IC engines 2. Flow through a very small opening e.g orifice . 3. Flow through a porous plug. Characteristics of Throttling 1. No Work Transfer Explanation: As we know their is work transfer in turbines due to very large pressure difference. but in