Royal Mechanical Engineering

Although two stroke engines have long since been updated with four stroke racing bike engines, two stroke engines provide a lightweight and suitable solution for racing bikes, motocross and dirt bikes. Earlier on, the two stroke engines in racing bikes were quite popular, but they have since then have been replaced with the four stroke version of the engine. The two stroke engine was a much simpler design, therefore provided a low cost solution for racing teams. The two stroke bike engine operates in two strokes, instead of the normal four stroke Otto cycle. The stages in a two stroke engine are: 1. Power/exhaust stroke: This is the stroke that occurs right after the ignition of the charge, forcing the piston down. After sometime, the top of the piston goes over the exhaust port, with a large amount of the pressurized gases to escape. The downward movement of the piston continues to compress crankcase containing the air, fuel, oil mixture. The top of the piston having pass...

  Electronic control common rail type fuel injection system drives an integrated fuel pump at an ultrahigh pressure to distribute fuel to each injector per cylinder through a common rail.   This enables optimum combustion to generate big horsepower, and reduce PM* (diesel plume) and fuel consumption. Bosch will supply the complete common-rail injection system for the high-performance 12-cylinder engine introduced by Peugeot Sport for its latest racing car. The system comprises high-pressure pumps, a fuel rail shared by all cylinders (i.e. a common rail), piezo in-line injectors, and the central control unit which compiles and processes all relevant sensor data.

DISI includes a whole new set of innovations for gasoline engines. To mention a few, direct injection (including cooling the air-gasoline mixture), a new combustion chamber geometry, variable timing technology, and nanotechnology for the catalyst. This all makes the engines consume 20 percent less while getting 15 to 20 percent better performance. Further developments for its diesels: new direct injection technology (most European automakers are switching to piezoelectric injectors), making the engine lighter, DPF, and urea technology to reduce NOx emissions Mazda’s DISI* engines balance sporty driving with outstanding environment performance. With the next generation engine in the series, we are aiming for a 15% ~ 20% improvement in dynamic performance and a 20% increase in fuel economy (compared with a Mazda 2.0L gasoline engine). Based on the direct injection system, we aim to reduce all energy losses (see figure on the right) and improve thermal efficiency through inn...

Variable geometry turbocharger s ( VGT s) are a family of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio (sometimes called A/R Ratio) of the turbo to be altered as conditions change. This is done because optimum aspect ratio at low engine speeds is very different from that at high engine speeds. If the aspect ratio is too large, the turbo will fail to create boost at low speeds; if the aspect ratio is too small, the turbo will choke the engine at high speeds, leading to high exhaust manifold pressures, high pumping losses, and ultimately lower power output. By altering the geometry of the turbine housing as the engine accelerates, the turbo’s aspect ratio can be maintained at its optimum. Because of this, VGTs have a minimal amount of lag, have a low boost threshold, and are very efficient at higher engine speeds. VGTs do not require a waste gate. Most common designs The two most common implementations include a ring of aero...

  A turbocharger is actually a type of supercharger. Originally, the turbocharger was called a "turbo super charger." Obviously, the name was shortened out of convenience. A turbocharger’s purpose is to compress the oxygen entering a car’s engine, increasing the amount of oxygen that enters and thereby increasing the power output. Unlike the belt-driven supercharger that is normally thought of when one hears the word "supercharger," the turbocharger is powered by the car’s own exhaust gases. In other words, a turbocharger takes a by-product of the engine that would otherwise be useless, and uses it to increase the car’s horsepower. Cars without a turbocharger or supercharger are called normally aspirated . Normally aspirated cars draw air into the engine through an air filter; the air then passes through a meter, which monitors and regulates the amount of air that enters the system. The air is then delivered to the engine’s comb...

Engines combust (burn) fuel and use the energy of that combustion to do work. The more fuel that is combusted in any given time then the more energy is available to carry out the engines task. Fuel requires air (or the oxygen contained within air) to burn so if there isn’t enough air mixed with the fuel it will not burn. This also means that the amount of air entering an engine determines how much fuel can be burnt and consequently how much energy (or power) an engine can produce. Superchargers are essentially an air pump designed to cram extra air into an engine allowing it to combust more fuel than would otherwise be possible. Mercedes pioneered automotive superchargers on their race cars during the 1920’s. These were simple reciprocating compressors attached to the engine by an electrically operated clutch. A switch activated by the accelerator pedal turned the pump on when extra power (full throttle) was required. A flurry of engineering endeavo...

Fuel Cell Stacks This is the heart of the hydrogen fuel cell car—the fuel cell stacks. Their maximum output is 86 kilowatts, or about 107 HP. Because hydrogen fuel cell stacks produce power without combustion, they can be up to twice as efficient as internal combustion engines. They also produce zero carbon dioxide and other pollutants. For more information on the stacks. Fuel Cell Cooling System This has several parts. Perched at an angle at the front of the vehicle is a large radiator for the fuel cell system, while two radiators for the motor and transmission lie ahead of the front wheels below the headlights. The car also has a cooling pump located near the fuel cell stacks to stabilize temperature within the stacks. Ultra capacitor This unit serves as a supplementary power source to the fuel cell stack. Like a large battery, the ultra capacitor recovers and stores energy generated during deceleration and braking. It uses this energy to pro...

The introduction of Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS) is one of the most significant technical introductions for the Formula One Race. Formula One have always lived with an environmentally unfriendly image and have lost its relevance to road vehicle technology. This eventually led to the introduction of KERS. KERS is an energy saving device fitted to the engines to convert some of the waste energy produced during braking into more useful form of energy. The system stores the energy produced under braking in a reservoir and then releases the stored energy under acceleration. The key purpose of the introduction was to significantly improve lap time and help overtaking. KERS is not introduced to improve fuel efficiency or reduce weight of the engine. It is mainly introduced to improve racing performance. KERS is the brainchild of FIA president Max Mosley. It is a concrete initiative taken by F1 to display eco-friendliness and road relevance of the modern F1 cars. It is...

Chassis is a French term and was initially used to denote the frame parts or Basic Structure of the vehicle. It is the back bone of the vehicle. A vehicle with out body is called Chassis . The components of the vehicle like Power plant, Transmission System, Axles, Wheels and Tyres, Suspension, Controlling Systems like Braking, Steering etc., and also electrical system parts are mounted on the Chassis frame. It is the main mounting for all the components including the body. So it is also called as Carrying Unit . The following main components of the Chassis are: Frame: it is made up of long two members called side members riveted together with the help of number of cross members. Engine or Power plant: It provides the source of power Clutch: It connects and disconnects the power from the engine fly wheel to the transmission system. Gear Box U Joint Propeller Shaft Differential FUNCTIONS OF THE CHASSIS FRAME: 1. To carry load of the passengers or goods carried in the b...

Governor is an important component of automobile engine. It is used to regulate the main speed of engine during the variations in loads. With the variations in the load, fuel supply has to be maintained. This task is performed by the governor. In the case of high load on the engine, speed decreases, hence fuel supply has to be increased and similarly when load decreases then the fuel supply has to be decreased.

Governor is an important component of automobile engine. It is used to regulate the main speed of engine during the variations in loads. With the variations in the load, fuel supply has to be maintained. This task is performed by the governor. In the case of high load on the engine, speed decreases, hence fuel supply has to be increased and similarly when load decreases then the fuel supply has to be decreased.

Ø   Manufacturing and sales of two wheelers.                                Ø   Manufacturing and sales of two wheeler engines. Ø   Service and sales of spare parts and accessories. Ø   Export of Honda products ( CBU , Engine & Parts) Ø   HMSI works on a Market–IN concept, which focuses on understanding customer needs and desire and translating them into product specifications. It is due to this concept that with in just five years of its launch in India, HMSI has changed the Indian two wheeler market with its products – Honda Activa, Dio, Eterno, Unicorn & Newly launched Shine.

Ø   Manufacturing and sales of two wheelers.                                Ø   Manufacturing and sales of two wheeler engines. Ø   Service and sales of spare parts and accessories. Ø   Export of Honda products ( CBU , Engine & Parts) Ø   HMSI works on a Market–IN concept, which focuses on understanding customer needs and desire and translating them into product specifications. It is due to this concept that with in just five years of its launch in India, HMSI has changed the Indian two wheeler market with its products – Honda Activa, Dio, Eterno, Unicorn & Newly launched Shine.

Honda   is headquartered in   Minato , Tokyo , Japan . Their shares trade on the   Tokyo Stock Exchange   and the   New York Stock Exchange , as well as exchanges in Osaka , Nagoya , Sapporo , Kyoto ,   Fukuoka , London , Paris and Switzerland . The company has assembly plants around the globe. These plants are located in China , the United States , Pakistan , Canada , England , Japan , Belgium , Brazil , New Zealand , Indonesia , India , Thailand , Turkey and Perú. As of July 2010, 89 percent of Honda and Acura vehicles sold in the United States were built in North American plants, up from 82.2 percent a year earlier. This shields profits from the yen’s advance to a 15-year high against the dollar. Honda's Net Sales and Other Operating Revenue by Geographical Regions in 2007 Geographic Region Total revenue (in millions of   ¥ ) Japan 1,681,190 Nor...

Honda   is headquartered in   Minato , Tokyo , Japan . Their shares trade on the   Tokyo Stock Exchange   and the   New York Stock Exchange , as well as exchanges in Osaka , Nagoya , Sapporo , Kyoto ,   Fukuoka , London , Paris and Switzerland . The company has assembly plants around the globe. These plants are located in China , the United States , Pakistan , Canada , England , Japan , Belgium , Brazil , New Zealand , Indonesia , India , Thailand , Turkey and Perú. As of July 2010, 89 percent of Honda and Acura vehicles sold in the United States were built in North American plants, up from 82.2 percent a year earlier. This shields profits from the yen’s advance to a 15-year high against the dollar. Honda's Net Sales and Other Operating Revenue by Geographical Regions in 2007 Geographic Region Total revenue (in millions of ...